Pasture Conversion: Overrun to Production

Part 2

By Derek Ver Helst, Senior Conservation Agronomist, AgSpire

We’re back with Part 2 of Pasture Conversion: Overrun to Production – a first-hand account from Derek Ver Helst, Senior Conservation Agronomist with AgSpire, who worked with a producer in 2025 to turn a 5-acre pasture overrun with smooth brome into a productive native tallgrass prairie with trees and pollinator habitat. 

AgSpire heads producers convert pastures

The Growth

On August 18, 2025, Derek went back to the pasture to record the progress and make any adjustments to the plan.  

The 2025 growing season was very wet. We received above average rainfall in the northern great plains, for most of the summer, which created ideal conditions for a diverse, native planting. Cooler-than-normal temperatures prolonged germination and slowed early season growth.  Early in the season, many producers in the area questioned whether germination had been successful.  

As the summer progressed, soil activity and plant life responded quickly.  The rains continued, creating idea conditions for germination and growth of the many different species that were planted.  

After returning to the field, expectations of a good stand were quickly exceeded. The multispecies planting had taken hold tremendously and the area was teeming with life.  Birds, bees, crickets, snakes, deer, rabbits and more were all using this little piece of paradise.   

AgSpire helps producers put in pollinator habitats.

The Progress

Initial concerns around erosion, due to both heavy rainfall and field slope, did not materialize. The practices used meant no gully erosions occurred, and the topsoil stayed where it was intended.  Forbs and grasses established vigorously, to the point that surrounding trees required trimming to ensure adequate light. A field walk confirmed the successful establishment of many of the species planted earlier in the spring. 

It’s important to note these results are not typical.  Favorable weather conditions by mother nature played a significant role in the outcome and contributed to why these practices worked so well.  Native plantings normally take a couple years to fully establish and reach their full potential.  

It’s off to a strong start, and there’s a lot to build on from here. Next steps will focus on how the stand continues to develop, supporting soil health, biodiversity, and wildlife habitat.  

 

Additional Links

Want to read part one? >>> Click Here 

Want to learn more about AgSpire and our programs? >>> Click Here 

Meet The Author

Senior Conservation Agronomist

Pasture Conversion: Overrun to Production

Part 1

By Derek Ver Helst, Senior Conservation Agronomist, AgSpire

AgSpire helps producers implement conservation practices on their operations through various, voluntary, incentive-based programs. When learning about the programs, producers will ask about the viability of the practices, their potential economic impact, and if the changes can realistically be implemented on their own operations.

Background

We know firsthand there are many trials and tribulations with changing practices in an operation. During the 2025 growing season, Derek Ver Helst, Senior Conservation Agronomist with AgSpire worked with a producer who wanted to convert a 5-acre pasture that had been overrun with smooth brome. The field is a small triangle section of pasture that the producer wants to square off. The goal was to convert the pasture back to native tall grass prairie, add trees for wildlife habitat, and introduce native flowers for pollinator habitat.

Over the course of the summer, Derek documents the progress in the hopes of inspiring and providing ideas for projects anyone can undertake on their own operation. This is the first series that will document progress throughout the season, and will focus on field preparation, planting, germination, and maintenance.

Field Preparation

The first step in the process was prepping fields for planting. The producer sprayed 9 ounces per acre of Plateau along with 32 oz per acre of glyphosate. Class Act Ng, a combination of Nonionic surfactant and Ammonium sulfate, was added to the tank at application to assist in the application. In most cases, glyphosate would be the only chemical used, but smooth brome is developing a resistance to glyphosate (a whole other complex issue). Plateau was added to the mix to help control the cool season smooth brome.

With the combination of chemicals in the tank mix, the producer got a burndown of the field without residual chemical effects on the native seed being planted. It is important to note that if this field had more broadleaf weeds a chemical such as 2,4-D would have been needed to control the unwanted species. When making a native seed plant, it is important to eliminate all competition from undesirable species so that seeds can thrive. But with the use of 2,4-D there is a residual left in the soil that can damage native seeds, and prohibit germination, if not plant outside a 10-day plant back period.

AgSpire works with producers to boost their operation

The photo, taken by Derek, shows the field after it had been sprayed, planted with the native seed mix, and tree rows planted. The season started dry but got good precipitation after the plantings.

 

 

About the Author

Senior Conservation Agronomist

AgSpire Launches Texas Better Beef Program

Texas — AgSpire, a company that designs and implements producer-focused agricultural programs, has launched the Texas Better Beef Program, a new program designed to support cow-calf and stocker operations across Texas with technical expertise and financial incentives aimed at improving ranch productivity and grazing management. 

Now enrolling producers for 2026, the voluntary program connects Texas cattle producers with one-on-one technical support from AgSpire experts and financial assistance tied to operational improvements. The program focuses on helping ranchers strengthen grazing efficiency, improve herd productivity, and enhance long-term ranch resilience. 

Participating producers work directly with AgSpire advisors to evaluate their operations and develop customized management plans. Producers enrolled in the program implement at least two grazing or herd productivity practices that align with their existing management goals while supporting improved land and cattle performance. 

AgSpire works with farmers to promote regenerative practices

Financial incentives are available to participating operations based on the number and intensity of practice changes related to improvements in grazing efficiency and herd productivity. 

The Texas Better Beef Program is open to cow-calf and stocker operations managing 30 or more head of cattle and at least 30 grazing acres. Participating producers commit to a 1-year program commitment and allow soil sampling and operational data collection to help track progress and support continuous improvement over time. 

By connecting producers with practical expertise and incentive opportunities, the program aims to strengthen ranch profitability while improving the long-term productivity and resilience of grazing lands. 

Producers interested in learning more about eligibility or enrollment can visit AgSpire.com
 

Can Sustainability Thrive While Farmers Struggle?

At GreenBiz26, Zach Pinto of AgSpire joined a panel exploring a fundamental question for companies with an agriculture value chain: Can sustainability truly thrive while farmers struggle? 

For corporate sustainability and supply chain leaders in the room, the conversation underscored a reality that is becoming increasingly clear – producer viability and supply chain resilience are inseparable. 

The panel brought together perspectives from across the value chain, including global food, beverage and agriculture companies, Scope 3 project developers, and research organizations, alongside the voice of multi-generational grain farmer from Iowa. That diversity highlighted how sustainability commitments travel from boardrooms to working farms and ranches, and how much can be lost in translation along the way. 

AgSpire works with producers to meet their goals and improve the supply chain.

Producer Perspectives

Pinto emphasized that sustainability only scales when it works on the ground. Programs designed without a deep understanding of operational realities including cash flow cycles, agronomic systems, labor constraints, family traditions, and risk exposure, rarely achieve scalable and durable adoption. Farmers and ranchers deal with a multiple of risk assessments, uncontrollable market and weather, and – rightfully so – are hesitate to take on high ambiguity programs and uncompensated risk. 

In recent years, the broader sustainability program space has shifted. Producers are asking sharper questions: 

  • What exactly is being asked of me? 
  • How does this impact my bottom line? 
  • Who shares the risk?? 
  • What does long-term commitment look like? 

AgSpire bridges the gap between corporate sustainability goals and on the ground results.

Corporate Expectations

At the same time, corporate expectations have grown. Companies are under pressure to demonstrate credible progress, measurable outcomes, and resilient sourcing strategies. That level of credibility requires more than high-level commitments. It requires programs built around producer economics and practical implementation. 

Pinto noted that while industry conversations have evolved incrementally, the biggest shift is happening in the marketplace itself. The broader narrative around sustainability is changing. There is less tolerance for broad commitments and more focus on resilience, especially the resilience of agricultural supply chains. Sustainability is no longer just about signaling intent. Companies are under increasing pressure to strengthen supply chains and show measurable outcomes all the way down to the farm level. 

The Solution

This shift presents a clear opportunity. Programs that are intentionally producer-centric, built with operational feasibility, technical support, and aligned incentives, are far more likely to scale and endure. When programs work for the people managing the land and livestock, adoption becomes practical, progress becomes measurable, and resilience becomes real. 

At AgSpire, this philosophy is foundational. The team works at the intersection of corporate goals and farm reality, helping design and implement programs that translate sustainability goals into measurable, on-the-ground progress. By aligning business objectives with producer viability, AgSpire supports supply chains that are not only more sustainable, but more secure. 

The takeaway for corporate teams is straightforward: if farmers struggle, sustainability stalls. When producers thrive, sustainability scales. 

 

Nutrition Today Shapes Your Herd for Generations

By Sheridan Wilson, Technical Advisor

If you’ve been around this industry, you know you can’t fix nutrition problems overnight. What you feed today shows up later in conception rates, calf vigor, and how long those females stay productive in your herd. 

AgSpire helps producers get more with less

Good nutrition starts with being proactive in keeping your cows in shape. When cows hold body condition and meet their energy needs, they breed back better and perform better in the herd. The problem is, by the time you see a cow slip in body condition, especially in winter when cows have more hair, you’re already behind. At that point, catching her back up is expensive and often insufficient. Planning and focusing on body condition before winter/last trimester is less expensive and more effective. 

It’s a mistake to treat nutrition as a last-trimester issue. Yes, those final months are important for calf development, but the other months of the year are just as important for embryonic survival, calf immune development, calf muscle fiber formation, and cow fertility and breedback. Consistent, year-round nutritional support sets cows up to do what we need them to do: get bred, raise a big healthy calf, and stay in the herd.  

Cows are good at adapting to their environment. Body Condition Score (BCS) matters, but it’s not the whole story. If you are building up your cow herd, focus on selecting cattle that can adapt to your environment and have energy requirements matched to your feed resources. The cows that breed early every year and maintain condition may tell you more than a genomic test.   

 Providing ample feed for your cattle is crucial; underfeeding has long shadows. Research has shown that shorting first-calf heifers in their last trimester can hurt their performance for at least two years afterward.  These heifers displayed lower body weights and reduced milk production compared to their counterparts, even following their second parturition. On the flip side of feeding, more isn’t always better. Over-conditioned bulls, for example, often show poorer semen quality. New research shows that embryos fertilized by over-conditioned bulls had delayed embryonic development and were more likely to die before placentation. It is hypothesized that calves sired by fat bulls may actually have reduced average daily gains when they get to the feedyard.   

Bottom line: nutrition decisions stack up. When you invest in your herds’ nutrition today, you’re not just feeding this year’s calf crop. You’re building the next generation of your herd.  

Contact AgSpire today if you want to learn more about making proactive decisions for the nutrition of your herd.  

 

Additional Links

Herd Management Basics on AgSpire’s YouTube Channel >>> Link to Video 

 

 

Regenerative Agriculture: Restoring Balance

By Derek Ver Helst, Senior Agronomist

At its core, regenerative agriculture is understanding human activity, particularly in food and fiber production; it has the potential to either degrade or enhance the environment. It’s a process of aligning human activities with the natural cycles of unique and individual ecosystems.  

AgSpire helps producers get through winter

Conventional agriculture, in its current state, focuses on maximizing yields, often disrupting natural processes. Practices like monocropping, reliance on synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, and extensive tillage depletes water resources, reduces biodiversity, and diminishes soil health.     

Regenerative agricultural practices attempt to restore balance to natural systems by focusing on three general categories: 

  • Soil Health: Healthy soil is the foundation of any ecosystem. Practices such as cover cropping, no/reduced till, and the integration of livestock promote soil biodiversity, increasing organic matter content, and improving water retention. Beneath the surface, these changes create a thriving ecosystem that supports prosperity.       
  • Biodiversity: Monocultures lead to ecological vulnerability. Regenerative agriculture emphasizes crop diversity, intercropping, and agroforestry, which creates a more resilient and balanced system. Biodiversity supports beneficial insects, pollinators, and other organisms that contribute to the overall health of an ecosystem.     
  • Natural Systems: Instead of attempting to dominate and control natural processes, regenerative agriculture mimics these systems and cycles.  Nutrient and water cycles, and energy flow, are harnessed to produce the same, with less reliance on off-farm inputs.  

AgSpire works with farmers to promote soil health

Just as a high-performance sports car requires precise and delicate tuning for speed and handling, ecosystems require careful calibration to function optimally. Regenerative agriculture acts as the calibration process. By understanding and respecting the synergistic relationships in an ecosystem, we can create a sustainable food system that nourishes both humans and the environment. 

Regenerative agriculture is not just about producing food and fiber; it’s about restoring balance to a currently strained system. By embracing regenerative principles, we can recalibrate our relationship with the environment, creating a future where human activity enhances and builds sustainable, resilient, natural ecosystems.  

 Additional Links 

Learn more about soil health on AgSpire’s YouTube Channel >>> Soil Health 

Learn more about soil health at our ranching resilience workshops, Jan. 21 (Yankton) and Jan. 23 ( Aberdeen) >>> More information

 

 

Preparing for Winter: What Producers Need to Know

December hits fast in the Great Plains and Upper Midwest. One week you’re finishing fall work — the next, you’re breaking ice off tanks and watching the forecast shift toward single digits. Winter rarely offers much warning, and the operations that fare best are the ones that prepare early. 

If you haven’t already taken stock of the season ahead, now is the time. Here are five key points of technical assistance worth reviewing before winter sets in fully – along with how strategic planning today can reduce stress and protect forage, livestock performance, and long-term land health into 2026.

AgSpire can help producers prepare for winter

Know Your Feed Inventory – And Whether It Will Hold

Winter increases energy demand for livestock, and forage quality matters as much as volume. A quick inventory check now prevents shortages later. 

  • Test forage quality to determine supplement needs 
  • Consider crop residue, cornstalk grazing, or leased pasture to stretch supply 
  • Short on feed? Early decisions cost less than late-season scrambling 

Beat the Freeze Before It Starts

Frozen lines and dead heaters don’t wait for a convenient moment. 

  • Inspect tanks, hydrants, floats, and heat sources 
  • Confirm insulation and water access at remote sites 
  • Ensure power-outage backups are workable 

If water delivery fails in January, the margin for error is slim — a simple pre-check now is worth it. 

AgSpire can help producers prepare for the winter months

Ensure Livestock Have Adequate Wind Protection

Cattle tolerate cold well; wind and moisture are the bigger threat. A little structural support pays off immediately in energy retention and calf survivability. 

  • Evaluate windbreak integrity 
  • Repair bale or fence-panel shelter systems 
  • Ensure early-calving areas drain and stay dry 

Good protection reduces feed demand, stress, and risk.  

Protect Your Forage Base for Next Year

Grass may be dormant, but management decisions still count. Overgrazing now becomes lost yield later. 

  • Maintain residue for moisture retention + erosion control 
  • Rotate winter-grazing sites to protect stand vigor 
  • Supplement before ground cover is compromised 

Healthy forage in May starts with restraint in December. 

Winter-Proof Equipment & Emergency Systems

A slow-turning engine or an unplanned storm can turn into hours of lost time. 

  • Check engine warmers, fuel filters, and batteries 
  • Have winter-grade diesel, tire chains, and spare parts on hand 
  • Review blizzard plans: access routes, backup help, supply lists 

Preparedness saves time, fuel, and headaches. 

Winter can be hard on animals, AgSpire is here to help.

The Right Planning Makes Winter Manageable 

Winter is unavoidable — stress doesn’t have to be. Proactive planning keeps cattle fed, water flowing, equipment moving, and pastures protected for next year’s growth. 

At AgSpire, we help producers make decisions like these with confidence. From feed budgeting to grazing strategy and infrastructure planning, our technical advisors work alongside you to build solutions that fit your land, not a generic template. 

 

Ready to tighten up your winter strategy? Now is the time. 

Connect with AgSpire for technical assistance and winter planning guidance.
Let’s keep livestock performing, resources protected, and your operation resilient — this season and the next. 

 

A Growing Platform for Western Producers

In October AgSpire’s Director of Business Partnerships, Drew Slattery, spoke at the Expanding Markets Conference, hosted by the Western Sustainability Exchange. Nearly 200 producers and 50 industry professionals gathered to explore new market opportunities and strategies for resilient ranching across Montana and the Western U.S. 

AgSpire connects partners across the supply chain.

Panel Highlights: Why Are Food Companies Investing in Producer Programs? 

At the Expanding Markets Conference, Drew Slattery joined a panel with a producer from Prime Pursuits and two representatives from Walmart to address a central question on many producers’ minds: “Why are companies investing in programs like this?” The panelists explained that major corporations are increasingly committed to supporting American ranchers and farmers, not just for immediate business needs, but to ensure the long-term resiliency of their supply chains. 

As Drew Slattery shared, “Producers are often surprised that Food companies are investing in producer programs because of a mindset that companies don’t care and just want the cheapest beef possible. The reality is, these companies want to help keep ranchers ranching, and investing in producers is how they ensure they have beef to sell 20 years from now.” 

Representatives from Walmart and Prime Pursuits emphasized that their investment in producer programs goes beyond the bottom line. These initiatives help elevate beef production from a commodity industry to a specialized, value-driven business. By rewarding producers for quality and sustainability, these programs open new opportunities for ranchers of all sizes. 

Looking Ahead: Building Resilience Through Partnership  

The panel showcased how collaboration between producers and corporate partners is shaping the future of ranching. By investing in producer programs and prioritizing investing in US beef supply chains, companies like Walmart and Prime Pursuits are helping ranchers build resilient operations and unlock new market opportunities. As these partnerships continue to grow, producers are better positioned to thrive in a changing agricultural landscape. 

To watch the full panel, please click HERE

Interested in more information about how AgSpire connects partners across the supply chain, please click here

Maximize Late-Season Grazing with Cover Crops and Corn Residue 

Winter is approaching, spring calves are weaned, and nutrition is top of mind for many beef producers. Extending the grazing season by utilizing crop residue and cover crops is a strategy to maintain or boost body condition score while reducing reliance on stored or purchased feed. Keeping cows grazing home-raised forage longer also gives perennial pastures a much-needed rest, and is an approach producers are using successfully. 

With a few management tips and Technical Support from AgSpire, you can make the most of this feed source. 

AgSpire helps extend the season for producers.

Corn Stalks + Cover Crops: A Winning Combination 

One of the most effective ways to extend grazing and cut hay costs is turning cattle out on corn stalks interseeded with a cover crop like cereal rye. After harvest, corn residue alone provides a valuable feed source, but adding rye significantly boosts forage quality and quantity. Begin grazing corn stalks as soon as fields are dry enough to prevent compaction. If rye was interseeded, allow 6 to 8 inches of growth before grazing to avoid overgrazing and ensure regrowth potential. 

  • Research shows interseeding rye into corn can provide an additional 42.5–52.6 animal unit days per acre without reducing corn grain yield under normal conditions (Iowa State University Extension).  
  • Cereal rye offers 8–13% crude protein and 53–63% total digestible nutrients (TDN) when grazed at the boot stage (University of Nebraska Extension). 

A Simple Addition

While single species cover crops like rye can help extend your grazing season, adding brassicas can supercharge fall grazing. These species produce lush leafy growth and energy-rich bulbs that cattle find highly palatable. Planting covers is typically recommended to be done in late July through early September so the plants have time to develop enough biomass before frost. Target grazing brassicas after a light frost (to improve palatability), but before severe frost. Strip grazing can help manage intake and reduce waste.  

  • Brassicas can deliver 12–20% crude protein and support gains of up to 2 pounds per day on backgrounding calves when managed correctly (University of Wisconsin Extension).  
  • For best results, seed cover crops as soon as possible to get the most biomass for grazing. This may mean interseeding into corn before silage or grain harvest or drilling right behind the combine 

AgSpire helps reduce feeding costs.

Beyond forage value, brassicas offer significant soil health advantages: 

  • Compaction Reduction: Radishes develop deep taproots that penetrate compacted layers, while turnips form large bulbs that loosen topsoil.  
  • Nutrient Scavenging: Brassicas capture residual nitrogen and other nutrients, reducing leaching and improving nutrient cycling for the next crop.  
  • Weed Suppression: Rapid canopy growth inhibit weed germination, reducing pressure in subsequent crops.  
  • Enhanced Soil Biology: Decomposing roots add organic matter and stimulate microbial activity, improving soil structure and resilience.  

Extending more than the Grazing Season

When combined with rye or other cereals, brassicas create a diverse root system that improves water infiltration, aeration, and overall soil health. This diversity also helps maintain soil cover through winter, reducing erosion and protecting soil health long-term. Brassicas typically winterkill, so they won’t compete with spring crops, while rye overwinters to provide early spring grazing. 

There are also economic benefits to planting and grazing cover crops. Feed is one of the largest yearly expenses for cattle producers, and an area where finding ways to decrease spend, can have a big impact on the bottom line. Utilizing cover crops reduces days fed or supplemental feed and can increase calf gain over grazing corn stalks alone.  

To learn more about how AgSpire can help with integrating cover crops and grazing strategies for maximizing their use, visit AgSpire.com, email us at info@agspire.com, or call / text (605) 675-7255, and someone from the team will be in contact.  

Additional Links

Learn more on YouTube >>> Nutrient Management 

Follow us on Facebook >>> AgSpire Facebook

5 Benefits of Technical Assistance for Farmers and Ranchers

In today’s fast-changing agricultural landscape, producers are being asked to do more than ever before. Balancing productivity, profitability, and sustainability can feel overwhelming—especially with new programs, emerging technologies, and market demands evolving so quickly. That’s where technical assistance comes in.

Whether you’re navigating conservation practices, livestock management strategies, or soil health improvements, technical assistance provides the support you need to make confident, informed decisions. Here are five key benefits of working with a trusted technical assistance provider.

AgSpire works with farmers and ranchers by providing technical assistance and incentive payments

Expert Guidance Tailored to Your Operation

Every farm and ranch is unique. What works for one producer may not work for another. With technical assistance, you gain access to experts who take the time to understand your operation and provide recommendations tailored to your specific goals, resources, and challenges. This personalized approach saves time and reduces the risk of costly trial-and-error.

Access to the Latest Tools and Programs

From federal cost-share programs to emerging private-sector initiatives, it can be tough to keep track of what’s available. Technical assistance providers stay up to date on funding opportunities, new technologies, and market incentives, helping you tap into resources that can offset costs and accelerate progress on your operation. 

AgSpire works with farmers to improve profitability through regenerative practices Increased Efficiency and Profitability

Technical assistance doesn’t just focus on conservation or compliance; it’s also about improving your bottom line. By optimizing grazing systems, improving soil health, or streamlining resource use, producers often see stronger yields, healthier livestock, and lower input costs. That efficiency translates into greater profitability over time.

Confidence in Decision-Making

Implementing new practices or programs can feel risky. With technical assistance, you have a partner who provides clear data, real-world examples, and step-by-step support. That confidence allows you to move forward with practices that align with both your operational and financial goals.

AgSpire works with farmers and ranchers to improve their operations

Long-Term Resilience

Technical assistance isn’t just about solving problems today, is about setting your operation up for success tomorrow. By focusing on soil health, water quality, and resource management, you’re building resilience against weather extremes, market shifts, and long-term challenges. That sustainability benefits your land, your business, and the next generation. 

Ready to See the Benefits of Technical Assistance Firsthand? 

At AgSpire, our team of technical advisors works alongside farmers and ranchers to design practical, profitable solutions that fit their unique operations. Enrollment for 2026 programs is open; here is your chance to have access to technical assistance and incentive payments for your operation. Start your producer profile today! 

Additional Links

Learn more on YouTube >>> Meet our Technical Advisors on YouTube 

Read more >>> Producer Case Study: Restoring Land, Restoring Values 

 

Producer Profile

Address(Required)
To help match you with the best programs, please select all commodities you’ve grown in the last five years.
To help match you with the best programs, please select all types of livestock you’ve raised in the last five years.
Please approximate total acreage owned and/or leased to the best of your knowledge, including acres out of production or in conservation.
Please estimate your average herd size over the last five years.
What, if any, sustainable or regenerative practices have you utilized in the last five years?
What sustainable or regenerative practices are you interested in trying or expanding in the next five years?
Do you have interest in a specific program managed by AgSpire? May select more then one.
Have you participated in a government, NGO, or private-market cost-share, incentive, or carbon credit program?
To help match you with program opportunities, please select any of the following that apply, or select unsure:
Historically Underserved, includes:

  • Limited Resource Farmer or Rancher: With direct or indirect gross farm sales not more than the current indexed value in each of the previous two years and who has a total household income at or below the national poverty level for a family or four, or less than 50 percent of county median household income in each of the previous two years.
  • Socially Disadvantaged Farmer of Rancher: Individual or entity who is a member of a group whose members have been subject to racial or ethnic prejudice because of their identity as members of a group without regard to their individual qualities, which may include: American Indians or Alaskan Natives, Asians, Blacks or African Americans, Native Hawaiians or other Pacific Islanders, Hispanics. For an entity, at least 50 percent ownership must be held by socially disadvantaged individuals
  • Beginning Farmer or Rancher: Has not operated a farm or ranch, or who has operated a farm or ranch for no more than 10 consecutive years and who will materially and substantially participate in the operation of the farm or ranch.
  • Female Farmer or Rancher: at least 50% female ownership
  • Veteran Farmer or Rancher: Served in the United Sates Military and was released from service under conditions other than dishonorable and has not operated a farm or ranch, or has operated a farm or ranch for no more than 10 years
  • Small Producers: Generally those with less than $350,00 in annual gross cash farm income